Monday, May 25, 2020
Sartys Point of View in Barn Burning by William Faulkner...
Sartys Point of View in Barn Burning by William Faulkner William Faulkner elected to write ââ¬Å"Barn Burningâ⬠from his young character Sartyââ¬â¢s perspective because his sense of morality and decency would present a more plausible conflict in this story. Abner Snopes inability to feel the level of remorse needed to generate a truly moral predicament in this story, sheds light on Sartyââ¬â¢s efforts to overcome the constant ââ¬Å"pull of bloodâ⬠(277) that forces him to remain loyal to his father. As a result, this reveals the hidden contempt and fear Sarty has developed over the years because of Abnerââ¬â¢s behavior. Sartyââ¬â¢s struggle to maintain an understanding of morality while clinging to the fading idolization of a father he fears, sets the toneâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He is even more afraid of losing his fatherââ¬â¢s trust after Abner hits him ââ¬Å"hard but with out heatâ⬠(280) not for telling the truth, but for wanting to. Sarty is conscious of the fact that if Abner knew his desire fo r ââ¬Å"truth, justice, he would have hitâ⬠(280) him again and that Abnerââ¬â¢s recommendation that he ââ¬Å"learn to stick toâ⬠his ââ¬Å"own blood or you ainââ¬â¢t going to have any blood to stick to youâ⬠(280) is more of a threat rather than fatherly advice. Sarty learns to stifle any qualms he has and overlook his own developing morals in order to defend his fatherââ¬â¢s cold-blooded attacks. In the face of Abnerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"outrage and savagery and lustâ⬠(286) and the ever-present conflict these emotional outbursts cause, Sartyââ¬â¢s sense of obligation to his father out weighs his desire to ââ¬Å"run on and on and never look backâ⬠(286). He hopes being forced out of town will transform the side of Abner that possesses an ââ¬Å"inherent [ly] voracious prodigality with material not his ownâ⬠(279) and he will be satisfied once and for all. As father and son walk within sight of an impressive manor ââ¬Å"big as a courthouseâ⠬ (280) owned by Major de Spain, a wealthy landowner with whom Abner has struck a deal to farm corn on his land, Sarty knows at once that ââ¬Å"they are safe from himâ⬠(280). His fatherââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"raveningâ⬠(281) envy could not possibly touch these ââ¬Å"people whose lives are part of this peace and dignityâ⬠(281). But, Abner is seething with ââ¬Å"jealous rageâ⬠(281) at the sight of the de SpainShow MoreRelatedDeeper Insight by Use of Point of View - Summary1074 Words à |à 5 PagesDeeper Insight by Use of Point of View The majority of authors use literary elements to build up their story. However, the author of the short story ââ¬Å"Barn Burningâ⬠uses one particular element to build up his own story in a very unique format. William Faulkner uses various literary elements in the story, but the most critical one is point of view. Faulkner uses point of view to develop characters, the theme, and the plot of the story. Faulknerââ¬â¢s use of point of view helps the reader understandRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Literary Elements in Barn Burning1478 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Importance of Literary Elements in Barn Burningà à à à à à Understanding literary elements such as patterns, reader/writer relationships, and character choice are critical in appreciating William Faulkners Barn Burning. Some literary elements are small and almost inconsequential while others are large and all-encompassing: the mothers broken clock, a small and seemingly insignificant object, is used so carefully, extracting the maximum effect; the subtle, but more frequent use of dialectalRead MoreBarn Burning By William Faulkner1373 Words à |à 6 PagesWilliam Faulknerââ¬â¢s short story ââ¬Å"Barn Burningâ⬠is an epic exhibition of the authorââ¬â¢s style. In the story, Faulkner shows us the story of Colonel Sartoris Snopes regarding his want for good and his loyalty to his family. Throughout the story, Sarty is put in a position of having to struggle between his integrity and his want to defend his father and family. In ââ¬Å"Barn Burning,â⬠a struggle is displayed by Sarty Snopes between his want to do right an d his want to honor his father. The reader gets theRead MoreWilliam Faulknerââ¬â¢s Barn Burning and A Rose for Emily Essay1157 Words à |à 5 Pages ââ¬Å"Barn Burningâ⬠is a story filled with myth. This coming of age story features a boy stuck in a family with a father who can be thought of as Satan, and can be easily seen as connected to myths of Zeus and Cronus. The connection to Zeus is further elaborated when William Faulknerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Rose for Emilyâ⬠is also considered. These two stories along with a few others provided an amazing view of the south. Many characters or families can be viewed as groups that lived in the south duringRead More The Creation of Abner Snopes in William Faulkners Barn Burning1258 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Creation of Abner Snopes in William Faulkners Barn Burning à William Faulkners Barn Burning is an intriguing story about a young boy named Colonel Sartoriss (Sarty) love and hatred for his father, Abner Snopes. Ab is a brutal and frightening man who instills fear into whom ever he seems to be close to. What is the cause of Abner Snopess cruel-heartedness? Maybe its his alienation from the higher class in society that causes him to act in this manner. When such a separation occursRead MoreThe Importance of Literary Elements in Barn Burning1478 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Importance of Literary Elements in Barn Burning Understanding literary elements such as patterns, reader/writer relationships, and character choice are critical in appreciating William Faulkners Barn Burning. Some literary elements are small and almost inconsequential while others are large and all-encompassing: the mothers broken clock, a small and seemingly insignificant object, is used so carefully, extracting the maximum effect; the subtle, but more frequent use of dialectalRead More Setting in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay1584 Words à |à 7 PagesCritical Viewing on Barn Burning William Faulknerââ¬â¢s use of a setting in a short story, such as ââ¬Å"Barn Burningâ⬠, effected the entire outcome of the story from start to finish. In ââ¬Å"Barn Burningâ⬠, a young boy must face his father and face the reality of a harsh world. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulknerââ¬â¢s setting is one of the most important literary elements that help the audience understand theRead MoreWilliam Faulkners Barn Burning: An Indicative of Literary Modernism1989 Words à |à 8 Pagesï » ¿There are several ways in which William Faulkners short story Barn Burning is indicative of literary modernism. It depicts a relevant historical period and is part of the frontiersman literary tradition (Gleeson-White, 2009, p. 389). The author utilizes a number of purely literary approaches that were innovative for the time period in which the tale was originally published (in 1932), s uch as employing a young child as a narrator complete with misspelled words and broken, puerile thoughts. HoweverRead MoreAnalysis Of Barn Burning And Garden Party 1510 Words à |à 7 Pagesanswered and dictated by different cultures from the beginning of time. Is there a certain number of years? Does one have to participate in an event or ceremony? Is there a moment of revelation where one suddenly feels different? The stories of ââ¬Å"Barn Burningâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Garden Partyâ⬠both offer stories where the protagonist ââ¬Å"comes of age.â⬠These tales bring the readers along and has them experience the trials and self-realizing experiences with the characters. The authors desire to bring the reader sRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Barn Burning By William Faulkner1105 Words à |à 5 PagesWhen reading the short story ââ¬Å"Barn Burningâ⬠by William Faulkner, understanding literary elements such as patterns, word choice as well as reader/writer relationships are essential in appreciating Faulknerââ¬â¢s literary piece. Some of the literary elements found in the story are small and are almost immaterial while others are large and all-encompassing. For example, the motherââ¬â¢s fragmented clock, a small and insignificant object, is used so carefully in order to extract the maximum effect from the viewers;
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Geoffrey Chaucer Stance on Feminism - 1254 Words
The investigation into whether or not Geoffrey Chaucer was ahead of his time in terms of his views on feminism has been up for debate for hundreds of years. The Wife of Bathââ¬â¢s Prologue is just one solitary example of the complicated nature of Chaucerââ¬â¢s belief system. On the one hand, we have many strong female characters that despite still being extremely dependant on the men in their lives, know what they want out of life. From a contrasting point of view, readers see a group of men, including Chaucer as the writer himself, making fun of the very nature of women as a whole. Is this really how Chaucer felt towards women, or is the prologue of The Wife of Bathââ¬â¢s Tale simply a parody of the opinions of his time? When questioning Chaucerââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The side that uses her wiles to get multiple husbands. It is mentioned that she is looked down upon by different men in society for having married five times. The first time she was married was at twelve, to an elderly men. This arrangement was likely made by her father, but she used the situation to her advantage. She uses her body and sex in order to get money or land from her husbands; never stopping when it comes to using guilt to trick them into handing over their fortunes. The second side of Alyson is that of the doting wife. She enjoys being married and even welcomes the thought of marrying a sixth time if the right man were to come along (45). She and her husbands argued sometimes, like in the instance with the Clerk, but she enjoys marriage nonetheless. There is also a third side to Alyson. This side is strong and willful. She stays with her fifth husband despite the fact that she can still feel the bruises he had left on her body ages ago (505-508). Despite what the Catholic church or society might have to say about the matter, Alyson does not consider herself to be the property of any of the men in her life. She also believes that if a woman enjoys sex, than sh e should be able to have it when she wants. It is the husbandââ¬â¢s obligation to go along with her wants. Alyson meets the Clerk, her fifth husband, while her fourth one was still alive. The relationship starts off rocky as she lies to him about dreams she has where heShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Women In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1035 Words à |à 5 Pagesyears ago. Geoffrey Chaucer first explores this in his famous collection of stories The Canterbury Tales. In Chaucerââ¬â¢s tales, he explores the situations of multiple individuals of varying backgrounds in the medieval time period. Each character tells a story that reveals some aspect of their morality and personality. Quite often, their tale also reveals their opinion of a certain overlying subject; such is the case with many characterââ¬â¢s opinions of women and their place in society. Chaucer has commonlyRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer s The Wife Of Baths1171 Words à |à 5 Pages Sh ort Creative Essay Draft The Prologue to the Wife of Baths Tale is a poem by Geoffrey Chaucer s that provides a satirical insight on the experience of Alice, the wife, and her response to autocratic judgement. The prologue takes a stance against the view of women and uses the life style of Alice as a way of dismantling stereotypical ideology of women. The very beginning of the poem Alice is stated to have five husbands. This is especially unconventional because of the timeRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales1781 Words à |à 8 Pagesspectrum, those who do support equality are known as feminists. Geoffrey Chaucer, who is by some considered a proto-feminist writer, is one of the few writers of this time to go against the crowd and speak up for what women wanted. However, because of strict laws in this time, outwardly going against the majority could cost him his life, so instead he expressed his ideas through writing. In his infamous poem, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer portrays his feminist idea ls through the Wife of Bath. AccordingRead MoreAnalysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s The Time Of Women 1760 Words à |à 8 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer is a defining figure throughout Medieval European literature, Throughout time women have been placed in a subjugated position. Men have placed themselves as the leaders but to contest the unfairness in rule feminism became a movement. Feminism is the movement, ideal set that women and men should be equal to each other in all ways. This includes socially, lawfully and any other way that would make the society better. In the time of Chaucer, the roles of women were very rigid and
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Pros and Cons of Facebook - 1004 Words
Facebook Dangers Because students often post detailed and specific information on Facebook (including phone numbers, addresses, class schedules, social plans, etc.) you can be more easily stalked by strangers (or even acquaintances). Identity theft can also be a significant risk of social networking. Personal details like your full name, names of your family members, your phone number, birthday, address, and place of employment can all be used by identity thieves. Passport-style profile photos also make it easier for identity thieves to replicate your online presence. Catfishing: Coined from the independent film Catfish, which follows a filmmaker who discovers the truth about the online relationship he has been conductingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They can be a great way to understand and stay connected to your campus community as a whole. How to Stay Safe Evaluate your social networking account and postings-how do you feel about your employers seeing what you have posted? How about your parents or grandparents? Do not post private information, including your cell phone number, home address, class schedule, social plans, etc. unless you are prepared for anyone to find you/track you down, any time of the day or night. Do not post anything that might be embarrassing to you in a potential employment situation. People have been denied work because of information found on social networking sites. Utilize the Privacy settings on your Facebook account-you can adjust your privacy settings so as to control who has access to your personal information. These settings change and evolve frequently, so check your privacy settings after any site updates to ensure that you are still protected. To minimize the risk of identity theft, carefully monitor the information you make publicly available on social media or make your profile private. Using different passwords for your social media sites, email accounts and any online commerce sites (banking, shopping, billing, etc.) can also make it more difficult for identity thieves to acquire information about you[3]. Using a group photo forShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Facebook987 Words à |à 4 PagesFacebook and its Enemies Technology should take the blame for sexting, bullying, identity theft, and many other social issues. However, others may say technology can help conduct schedules, simplify work and home businesses, coordinate activities, communicate with families and much more. Facebook, the à most famous social networking site, comes with its own pros and cons. Facebook though is an enemy to society and single handedly controls the lives of many people. Now, despise what I believe letââ¬â¢sRead MorePros and Cons of Facebook1557 Words à |à 7 PagesFacebook, being one of the most famous social networking sites comes with its own pros and cons. Here in this article, I will try to show some of theà advantages and disadvantages of Facebook. à Itââ¬â¢s No doubt, Facebook has helped a lot to cut down the physicalà boundaries, and it has its benefits for personal or for business purposes. Read:à 10 Facebook tips and Tricks you should know Facebook has helped a lot to create a personal brand for many individuals and for businesses. Moreover, itââ¬â¢s a majorRead MoreThe New Age : Pros And Cons Of Facebook1416 Words à |à 6 Pages The New Age: The Pros and Cons of Facebook in Health Care Jerkis Fong CUNY School of Professional Studies The New Age: The Pros and Cons of Facebook in Health Care We have reached a new technological era. An era in which phones, computers, and tablets run our lives. Anywhere you go, you can easily spot a person on their phone, or tablet. These devices have become indispensable. With new technological devices come social media. Social media has been defined by Wikipedia as ââ¬Å"computer-mediatedRead MoreCons And Cons Of Social Media761 Words à |à 4 PagesPros and cons of social media ââ¬â Cheat Sheet At this point we all know that social media is a major asset to marketers, but what exactly are the pros and cons of each? In this post I talk about just that, for the big 6 social media platforms! Instagram Instagram has 400+ million active monthly users which is 20% of internet users and the vast majority (90%) of these are under 35. ITââ¬â¢s a mobile app that lets users share photos and short videos. Pros: Easy and intuitive UI, minimal text on posts andRead MorePros And Cons Of Social Media740 Words à |à 3 PagesThere are many pros and cons to social media so I am indifferent about this topic. Some pros of social media is that it helps with communication with people from long distances and its also good for advertising. Some cons are it brings about cyberbullying and itââ¬â¢s really time consuming. These are some reasons why I am indifferent about social media. Social media has changed communication in a whole different way. From facebook to snapchat and so many others, social media has made it extremelyRead MoreSchool Newspaper, Fanshawe Interrobang ( House, 2013 )1504 Words à |à 7 PagesUniversity, many of Fanshaweââ¬â¢s students would not be around the area from May through August, meaning that business would be slow during these months if Greig and Peck choose this segment to target (House, 2013). Target Segment 3: High School Students Pros Cons - Students have spending money from part-time job - Have less personal expenses since they usually live with their parents - More inclined to engage in non-alcohol related activities - More free time in the summer months - No direct advertisementRead MorePros and Cons of Using Social Media Tools in Schools973 Words à |à 4 Pageshas transformed the world. No longer is communication the same. This is evident in the social media by businesses and individuals alike. Businesses build communities, and raise awareness, through the use of social media sites such as Twitter and Facebook. Education system has also adopted social media tools in the classroom and is now playing a significant role in many schools and universities. However, proper planning has to take place to ensure that these tools are managed effectively in the classroomRead MorePromotion Of The Archery Trade Association1112 Words à |à 5 Pagesor services. Radio (18%) â⬠¢ Pros o Large advertising channel o Multiple radio channels o Cheaper than television o Constant â⬠¢ Cons o Limited time frame o Not everyone listens to the radio o No visuals o Listeners avoid advertisements (switching channels) â⬠¢ Costs o $500/month for six months (Planet not included) o Thirty-seconds $6-7 and sixty-seconds $9.50-10.50 (drive-time) Social Media â⬠¢ Pros o Multiple social media channels o All ages are susceptible â⬠¢ Cons o Difficult to penetrate â⬠¢ CostsRead MoreSocial Media And The World Wide Web Essay1731 Words à |à 7 Pagesdeveloping skills for their futures. One of the largest known social media site nowadays is Facebook. Facebook is one of the largest corporations when it comes to the social media world. Facebook is widely known for its popularity and its constant development. It currently surpasses any other social media apps or websites to this day. It is by far a revolutionary network. In such a short amount of time period, Facebook is widely known as a billion dollar corporation. It took them less than 10 years to reachRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society987 Words à |à 4 PagesSocial Media Social Media has itââ¬â¢s pros and cons, but this has made it 1000 times easier to connect with family and friends. We can go on and on about the first social media sites but we cannot argue what became more popular the fastest. Social media have developed dramatically over the past 16 years from Friends Reunited to Instagram weââ¬â¢ve created ways to entertain people and communicate with celebrities and people all over the nation. People have also portrayed an image that may not even be their
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
The Main Reason That Women Are Paid Less Than Men free essay sample
More than 2,000 years ago the Greek philosopher Plato wroteâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å"Nothing can be more absurd than the practice that prevails in our country of men and women not following the same pursuits with all their strengths and with one mind, for thus, the state instead of being whole is reduced to half. â⬠(Plato, The Laws) There is a nationwide debate as to whether or not women are paid less than men as a result of gender discrimination in the workforce. It is our position that gender discrimination is in fact the main reason women are paid less than men, and we will defend our position with appropriate statistics and facts. This is no doubt a sensitive issue and there are a lot of different views and opinions throughout the world. It is certain that this topic is influenced by a wide range of factors and is also affected by geographical effects. Furthermore, if we want to hold the view that gender discrimination is largely responsible for differences in wage between men and woman, we have to concentrate on a specific market. In this case, on the United States, we should look on the hypothesis from different perspectives. To effectively defend our position, it is beneficial to break down our position into two parts. First, we have to prove that a gender pay gap in the United States actually exists. If we want to prove a crowding hypothesis we not only have to support this theory by referring to appropriate statistics, studies, and research, but also the existence of this hypothesis itself. Human resource managers are largely responsible for compensating employees, which would ultimately affect the pay gap between men and women. Human resource managers were asked if they think there actually is a gender pay gap among Americaââ¬â¢s companies, and if it existed inside there own organization. According to a recent study published by the Institute of Management Administration in New York, they do in fact believe in this gap. Overall 89. 4 percent of the interviewed managers think that there is a wage differential between the genders at other companies. What is surprising about this data is that only 17. 7 percent of them added their own company to this group (ââ¬Å"How Widespread Is the Gender Pay Gapâ⬠, 006, p. 1). It seems that there is a real glass ceiling effect in Americaââ¬â¢s industry. Everyone talks about it but very few admit to having such a barrier in their own organization. However, as expected, there are further differences among the various industries and in regional trends. For instance, the study found that 100 percent of the respondents in the educational sector believe there is a w age differential while almost 18 percent in the non-profit industry are not committed to this thesis. The regional differences are smaller (p. ) but for sure they would gain in importance if we looked outside of America. So our position is that we can state that there generally exists the perception of a gender-based pay gap, however, it observably differs from region to region and industry to industry. As mentioned earlier, there is a second part to our position which has to be considered, whether or not the pay gap is a result of gender discrimination. In our position it is quite clear that gender discrimination is the main factor influencing the pay gap and it emanates from the mentioned studies. To represent valid facts, the research had to provide a consistent basis, which sorted the wage and salary data out of all objective influences. That means from an objective view, the compared earnings are based on persons with the same characteristics, skills, and living conditions. Thus there are only subjective reasons left, which may cause this gender-based pay gap among men and women in the economic environment, and that means gender discrimination. On this account, in the discussion below, we will try to analyze the various studies we found and to count out all the possible objective reasons that might cause a legitimate pay gap among gender. Why is this issue important to organizations? One reason for organizations to pay men and women equally for the same amount of work is to avoid any legal ramifications which can lead to severe financial penalties. Another important reason to avoid discriminating against women is that discrimination can draw negative publicity for the company, leading to poor performance in the workplace and potential loss of sales. Companies that do not follow the Equal Pay Act are stalling the already slow process for womenââ¬â¢s equality in the United States. Organizations need to help accelerate the process and they may be rewarded and receive positive publicity which in turn can improve company morale and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, this good reputation makes a company also more attractive for women of the academic labor market and might enable the organization to gain a sustainable competitive advantage within the industry by obtaining high-quality female human resources. It also might lead to better relationships to other stakeholders such as state and government, creditors or suppliers. For instance, it is quite enough to look on the recent case of the class action of female employees against Wal-Mart (Christie, J. , ââ¬Å"Wal-Mart Faces Historic Sex Bias Caseâ⬠, 2007). This lawsuit was published in numerous newspapers and other media. Can you imagine how that will affect the companyââ¬â¢s reputation in the future? Possibly a lot of women will be in doubt about the worldââ¬â¢s largest retail business and choose rather another company for their career-entry or advancement. Therefore it is maybe not the fine which Wal-Mart is currently worrying about, but particularly the damage to its image that will affect the organization throughout the coming years. The equal pay dilemma has been an issue in this country dating back as early as the 1880ââ¬â¢s. During World War I and World War II the concept of equal pay became a matter of policy with limited practice. Many women were called upon to replace male factory workers who had been sent to the war which became a catalyst for the subject. A national debate arose as to whether or not the policies of equal pay should continue to be practiced during peacetime. The main advocate of these equal pay policies in the U. S. was the Womenââ¬â¢s Bureau of the Department of Labor. However these policies soon died as the war ended and the major male workforce came back from overseas. The topic of equal pay has been thoroughly investigated and well documented throughout the years and all the information leads to the same conclusion that equal pay does not exist. Years of protest for womenââ¬â¢s equal rights prompted the slogan ââ¬Å"equal pay for equal workâ⬠which became very appealing throughout the nation. This slogan, which cried out for equality, helped gain support from labor parties, unions, womanââ¬â¢s organizations, and government ministries. However, defining these terms such as equal pay and equal work is a difficult task in itself. The problem with equal pay lays in the fact that a very small percentage of women work on the same job as well as performing the same work and under the same conditions as their male colleagues. Furthermore, equal work is also an elusive term and is difficult to define. Defining what ââ¬Å"equalâ⬠should measure has been the main difficulties of equal pay advocates. Equal could be measured in many different ways: amount of a product, value of a product, value of the work to the employer, work done under similar conditions, or should it represent equal effort or sacrifice? The problems of definition and of measurement both of equal pay and of equal work have provided comfort for the opponents of equal pay and refuge for the undecided. This issue is controversial because it is a topic which actually should not exist. Everyone knows about it but nobody is really aware of the fact that this is happening now in their direct environment and in their own company. Another reason for the conflicting opinions might be the consistency of the data and statistics gained by national research. This topic is very complex and influenced by innumerable variables so that it is difficult for those research institutes to cut down the determining factors only on ââ¬Å"gender discriminationâ⬠. Thus, leaves a lot of room for skepticism and disagreements. The reason that this issue is really controversial proves again in the recent publication of possibly the biggest sexual discrimination case in U. S. history advanced against Wal-Mart on Tuesday the 6th of February. The article published by Reuters in the New York Times reported that ââ¬Å"a top court ruled that more than a million women could join a suit charging bias in pay and promotionsâ⬠(Christie, J. , ââ¬Å"Wal-Mart Faces Historic Sex Bias Caseâ⬠, 2007). This lawsuit will probably constitute another longsome dispute in the US justice department about the topic of gender discrimination in the workforce and if it is the main reason for the pay gap between men and women in the United States. Discussion For our first argument, we will discuss the glass ceiling effect and position segregation concerning women in the United States. One theory of gender discrimination in the workforce constitutes the existence of a glass ceiling effect that causes a pay gap among genders. This theory was proven by Alkadry and Tower, who mainly tried to answer the following questions regarding the glass ceiling by surveying four groups of public procurement professionals online: ââ¬Å"Are women truly concentrated in the lower levels or positions of organizations? Why are they entering into these lower levels or positions and not elsewhere? And, why do women who enter lower-level positions not advance to higher positions within their organizations?
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